{"id":350,"date":"2014-10-16T17:17:43","date_gmt":"2014-10-16T17:17:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/?p=350"},"modified":"2015-02-22T02:39:28","modified_gmt":"2015-02-22T02:39:28","slug":"standard-operating-procedure-for-oil-dispersion-effectiveness-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/standard-operating-procedure-for-oil-dispersion-effectiveness-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Standard Operating Procedure for Oil Dispersion Effectiveness Test"},"content":{"rendered":"

The word petroleum comes from the ancient Greek terms petra<\/em>\u00a0[meaning rocks] and ‘elaion’<\/i>\u00a0[meaning oil]. The \u00a0“rock’s oil” has been attracting humankind\u00a0\u00a0for centuries and\u00a0after the rise of\u00a0industry, petroleum became a destined resource for human race. \u00a0Not long after (and not surprisingly), petroleum became a threat to the\u00a0environment and its residents in\u00a0multiple\u00a0aspects (politics, greenhouse gas emissions and etc.). However, the most direct negative influence of petroleum on the environment are the accidental spills during the production, transportation, distillation or use. One of the most tragic\u00a0examples occurred a few years ago in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. The accident is mostly referred\u00a0as “Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill” and it ended up releasing ~5 billion barrels petroleum from the source into the ocean.\u00a0In this\u00a0project, we investigate dispersants as one of the immediate\u00a0responses to accidental oil spills.<\/p>\n

Standard operating procedures (SOPs) for laboratories provide continuity in data production and \u00a0enhance the reliability of produced data. In this post, I will be sharing\u00a0the SOP of oil dispersion effectiveness test.<\/p>\n

Firstly,\u00a0I would like to\u00a0lay-out the three components (ingredients) of oil dispersion. In our conceptual model we have: (i) spilled oil, (ii) a dispersant and (iii) elements of the\u00a0background matrix. Each individual component has several parameters\u00a0influencing the outcome of oil dispersion and in order to control the complexity of the system we need to first identify and then fix most of these parameters to test dispersion in a controlled manner.<\/p>\n

(Ingredients).<\/p>\n

Oil:<\/strong><\/p>\n

To mimic the geographical similarities between the actual oil spilled during Deepwater Horizon, Louisiana sweet crude oil is being used in out lab.<\/p>\n

\"IMG_0156\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0Dispersant:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Corexit was the response chemical to the Deepwater Horizon spill; therefore, it is used as the reference material to compare the dispersants. There are two types of polymers\u00a0present in our lab: dendrimers (PAMAM) and\u00a0hyperbranched polyethylenimine polymers \u00a0(HY-PEI).<\/p>\n

\"IMG_1088\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Background Matrix:<\/strong><\/p>\n

In our lab, artificial seawater is being used as the background matrix; however, it should be noted that presence of natural organic matter and other organic\/inorganic constituents should be taken into account.<\/p>\n

The oil dispersion effectiveness test protocol\u00a0prepared by Kristen Carpenter\u00a0is presented below:<\/p>\n

Oil_Dispersion_Protocol<\/a>.pdf<\/p>\n

Some of the\u00a0findings from oil dispersion effectiveness test are\u00a0already published in the following articles.<\/p>\n

bhattacharya et al. 2013<\/a><\/p>\n

geitner et al. 2012<\/a><\/p>\n

geitner et al. 2014<\/a><\/p>\n

radic et al. 2013<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Louisiana <\/a>
Louisiana sweet crude oil <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>
\"Separation <\/a>
Separation funnel showing the dispersed oil particles on the upper half <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>
\"Separation <\/a>
Separation funnels <\/div> <\/div>
\"Effectiveness <\/a>
Effectiveness test bottles <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>
\"Hyper <\/a>
Hyper branched polymer <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The word petroleum comes from the ancient Greek terms petra\u00a0[meaning rocks] and ‘elaion’\u00a0[meaning oil]. The \u00a0“rock’s oil” has been attracting[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lab-techniques"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4FV6M-5E","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=350"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":367,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions\/367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/ladnergroup\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}