{"id":2810,"date":"2021-06-01T13:06:51","date_gmt":"2021-06-01T17:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/?page_id=2810"},"modified":"2021-06-01T13:06:51","modified_gmt":"2021-06-01T17:06:51","slug":"chipping-few","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/research\/friction-element-welding\/chipping-few\/","title":{"rendered":"Chipping in Friction Element Welding"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1206.4px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center\" style=\"margin:0;\">Chipping in Friction Element Welding<\/h1><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-carousel fusion-image-carousel-auto fusion-image-carousel-1 fusion-carousel-border\"><div class=\"awb-carousel awb-swiper awb-swiper-carousel awb-carousel--carousel awb-swiper-dots-position-bottom\" data-layout=\"carousel\" data-autoplay=\"no\" data-autoplayspeed=\"2500\" data-autoplaypause=\"no\" data-columns=\"5\" data-columnsmedium=\"1\" data-columnssmall=\"1\" data-itemmargin=\"13\" data-itemwidth=\"180\" data-touchscroll=\"no\" data-freemode=\"no\" data-imagesize=\"auto\" data-scrollitems=\"0\" data-centeredslides=\"no\" data-rotationangle=\"50\" data-depth=\"100\" data-speed=\"500\" data-shadow=\"no\" data-pagination=\"bullets\" style=\"--awb-border-width:1px;--awb-border-color:#e9eaee;\"><div class=\"swiper-wrapper awb-image-carousel-wrapper fusion-flex-align-items-center\"><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><div class=\"fusion-carousel-item-wrapper\"><div class=\"fusion-image-wrapper hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1249\" height=\"601\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-200x96.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-300x144.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-400x192.jpg 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-600x289.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-768x370.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-800x385.jpg 800w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-1024x493.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp-1200x577.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/WeldComp.jpg 1249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1249px) 100vw, 1249px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-prev\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"awb-swiper-button awb-swiper-button-next\"><i class=\"awb-icon-angle-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Chipping is observed in particular cases of a FEW Joint.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-selfhosted-video\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-wrapper\"><video playsinline=\"true\" width=\"100%\" style=\"object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" muted=\"true\" loop=\"true\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"1\"><source src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\">Sorry, your browser doesn&#039;t support embedded videos.<\/video><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>This high-speed video shows the formation of thin strands of aluminum during the penetration step or <em>chipping.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1206.4px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-1 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"248\" height=\"300\" title=\"FEW Process Parameters\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters-248x300.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2827\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters-200x241.png 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters-400x483.png 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters-600x724.png 600w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters-800x966.png 800w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Process-Parameters.png 810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Friction Element Welding Process Control Parameters:<\/p>\n<p>Spindle Speed: Rotational speed of the element measured in RPM.<\/p>\n<p>Endload: Axial force on the element measured in kN.<\/p>\n<p>Relative Distance\/Z-distance: Distance between the tip of the element and the top surface of the top sheet.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Parameters influencing Chipping:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\">Alloy Strength<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\">Element Type<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\">The coating on the Top Sheet<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center;\">EndLoad<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1206.4px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><\/span><h2 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Influence of different parameters on chipping:<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><\/span><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Influence of alloy strength<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><p>Chipping is mostly observed in high-strength aluminum alloys. Following images show nest formed after penetration step for AA1100, AA5052, AA6061, AA7021, and AA7075 respectively.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-0 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-1\" data-title=\"AA 1100\" title=\"AA 1100\" href=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA1100-300x256.jpg\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA1100-300x256.jpg\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-1 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-2\" data-title=\"AA 5052\" title=\"AA 5052\" href=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA5052-300x254.jpg\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA5052-300x254.jpg\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-2 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-3\" data-title=\"AA 6061\" title=\"AA 6061\" href=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA6061-300x262.jpg\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA6061-300x262.jpg\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-3 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-4\" data-title=\"AA 7021\" title=\"AA 7021\" href=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA7021-300x300.jpg\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA7021-300x300.jpg\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-4 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_5 1_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:20%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:9.6%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:9.6%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><a class=\"awb-lightbox awb-lightbox-5\" data-title=\"AA 7075\" title=\"AA 7075\" href=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA7075.jpg\" data-rel=\"iLightbox\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AlloyStrengh_AA7075.jpg\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><\/span><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Influence of element type<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-5 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-2 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"264\" height=\"300\" title=\"Chipping_Element Type\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_Element-Type-264x300.png\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_Element-Type-200x227.png 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_Element-Type-400x455.png 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_Element-Type.png 489w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-6 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p>There are two types of elements (fasteners) commercially available. The selection of friction elements depends on the thickness of the steel sheet. The cylindrical friction element is used for steel sheets with thicknesses in the range of 1 mm to 2.5 mm. The polygonal element is used for steel sheets with thicknesses in the range of 2.5 mm to 4 mm.<\/p>\n<p>It is observed that the polygonal element shows less chipping compared to the cylindrical element.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><\/span><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Influence of coating on the top sheet<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-7 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-selfhosted-video\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-wrapper\"><video playsinline=\"true\" width=\"100%\" style=\"object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" muted=\"true\" loop=\"true\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"1\"><source src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Coated-Chippin.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\">Sorry, your browser doesn&#039;t support embedded videos.<\/video><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Coated top sheet<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><p>Chipping is higher in sheets with the coated top surface.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-8 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-selfhosted-video\" style=\"max-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-wrapper\"><video playsinline=\"true\" width=\"100%\" style=\"object-fit: cover;\" autoplay=\"true\" muted=\"true\" loop=\"true\" preload=\"auto\" controls=\"1\"><source src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Uncoated-Chipping.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\">Sorry, your browser doesn&#039;t support embedded videos.<\/video><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">Uncoated top sheet<\/h4>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10\"><p>Chipping is lower if the surface of the top sheet is not coated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-6 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three\" style=\"--awb-margin-top-small:0px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:20px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-left fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><span class=\"awb-title-spacer fusion-no-large-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-small-visibility\"><\/span><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left\" style=\"margin:0;\">Influence of endload<\/h3><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container title-sep-container-right\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Spindle Speed: 4000 RPM<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-9 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-3 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"259\" title=\"Chipping_4kN4000RPM\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN4000RPM-300x259.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN4000RPM-200x173.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN4000RPM-400x346.jpg 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN4000RPM.jpg 434w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">4 kN<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-10 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-4 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" title=\"Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-300x268.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2858\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-200x179.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-400x357.jpg 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">8.5 kN<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Spindle Speed: 8500 RPM<\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-builder-row-inner fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"--awb-flex-grow:0;--awb-flex-grow-medium:0;--awb-flex-grow-small:0;--awb-flex-shrink:0;--awb-flex-shrink-medium:0;--awb-flex-shrink-small:0;width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-11 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-5 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" title=\"Chipping_4kN8500RPM\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN8500RPM-300x290.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2864\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN8500RPM-200x193.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_4kN8500RPM.jpg 388w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">4 kN<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column_inner fusion-builder-nested-column-12 fusion_builder_column_inner_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"text-align:center;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-none imageframe-6 hover-type-none\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"268\" title=\"Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM\" src=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-300x268.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2858\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-200x179.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM-400x357.jpg 400w, https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chipping_8.5kN4000RPM.jpg 420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">8.5 kN<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Less chipping is observed for higher endload values.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"align-self: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;border-color:#e0dede;border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"parent":2678,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2810","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2810"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3005,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2810\/revisions\/3005"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cecas.clemson.edu\/manufacturing-lab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}